All servers share our public IP behind node1.penguhost.com. What tells them apart is the port: each server gets one from a pool, so yours might be node1.penguhost.com:4207. Players enter address and port once and the game remembers them.
"But other hosts sell dedicated IPs"
A dedicated IP lets you use the default port (25565 for Minecraft) so players can type just the address. IPv4 addresses are scarce and cost money every month; we would rather put that into RAM. You get the same clean address for free with a domain and an SRV record: play.yourdomain.com then works without any port for Minecraft Java.
Bedrock, Rust and most Steam games always need a port anyway, so a dedicated IP would not change that.
More ports
Voice chat mods, Dynmap, query ports or a second game on the same server need extra ports. Add them under Modify server in the dashboard; they appear in the Network tab. See Extra ports.